Now we have finished lighting and shading; we can move our camera into position ready for rendering. First, let’s add some depth of field to our camera. Create a locator and go to Display>Heads Up Display>Object Details. This will tell us how far the locator is from the camera. Move the locator where you want the focus of interest to be and make a note of the Distance From Camera value in the top right of the camera viewport.
Once the render layers are all set up as states in Maya, you can do a final render. In this video, double-check your settings and render the images.
Rendering is the process of creating temporary video and audio render files for segments of your project that Final Cut Pro can’t play in real time. When you add effects, transitions, generators, titles, and other items that require rendering for playback at high quality, the render indicator (a light gray dotted line) appears below the ruler.
Set the number of Eevee Render Samples to something really small when testing (like 1). If you have a scene you can share which demonstrates the problem you can always report a bug and include the scene so the devs can take a look at why the final render is so much worse.
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Create a locator and position it where you want the focus distance
Select your Render Camera and scroll down to the Arnold section in the attribute editor. Select Enable DOF and type in the distance from cameravalue for the locator into the Focus Distance.Increase the Aperture Size to see the effect of the camera depth of field. This is where Arnold and IPR shine as you can interactively adjust the depth of field with very fast results.
Set the Focus Distance to be the same as the Distance from Camera for the locator
Final Render
Now we have finished test rendering our scene. It is time to increase the quality settings. Start off by selecting the Ai SkyDomeLight. In the attribute editor, increase the Samples to 3.This will increase the number of shadow samples in the scene, effectively smoothing out any shadow noise. The higher the number, the finer the result. However, you should be careful not to increase this value too high otherwise your render times will increase dramatically. If you are getting noise on the model, rather than the shadows you may need to increase the number of Diffuse Samplesin the Render Settings. Try increasing it to 3.
Once you are happy with the depth of field, lighting, and shading, it is time to set off a final render. Open up the Render Settings Window and click on the Arnold tab. By default, you should see the AA Samplesis set to 3.This is good enough for test rendering, however, for our final rendering, we will want to increase this value. Depending on how much depth of field you have in the scene, you may need to increase this value to 7or higher. Render through your Render Camera and you are done.
Final AA Sample is set to 7 in the Render Settings
That concludes this tutorial.
GPU rendering makes it possible to use yourgraphics card for rendering, instead of the CPU. This can speed up renderingbecause modern GPUs are designed to do quite a lot of number crunching.On the other hand, they also have some limitations in rendering complex scenes, due to more limited memory,and issues with interactivity when using the same graphics card for display and rendering.
To enable GPU rendering, go into the Preferences ‣ System ‣ Cycles Render Devices,and select either CUDA, OptiX or OpenCL. Next, you must configure each scene to use GPU rendering inProperties ‣ Render ‣ Device.
Note
GPU rendering is only supported on Windows and Linux; macOS is currently not supported.
Supported Hardware¶
Blender supports different technologies to render on the GPU depending on the particular GPU manufacture.
Nvidia¶
CUDA and OptiX are supportedfor GPU rendering with Nvidia graphics cards.
CUDA¶
CUDA requires graphics cards with compute capability 3.0 and higher.To make sure your GPU is supported,see the list of Nvidia graphics cardswith the compute capabilities and supported graphics cards.
Note
Unsupported Features:
Open Shading Language
Advanced volume light sampling to reduce noise
OptiX¶
OptiX requires graphics cards with compute capability 5.0 and higher.To make sure your GPU is supported,see the list of Nvidia graphics cardsOptiX works best on RTX graphics cards with hardware ray tracing support (e.g. Turing and above).OptiX support is still experimental and does not yet support all features, see below for details.
OptiX requires Geforce or Quadro RTX graphics card with recent Nvidia drivers.
Note
Unsupported Features:
Open Shading Language
Advanced volume light sampling to reduce noise
Baking
Branched Path Tracing
Ambient Occlusion and Bevel shader nodes
Combined CPU and GPU rendering
AMD¶
OpenCLis supported for GPU rendering with AMD graphics cards.Blender supports graphics cards with GCN generation 2 and above.To make sure your GPU is supported,see the list of GCN generationswith the GCN generation and supported graphics cards.
On Windows and Linux, the latest Pro drivers should be installed fromthe AMD website.
Note
Unsupported Features:
Open Shading Language
Advanced volume light sampling to reduce noise
Frequently Asked Questions¶
Why is Blender unresponsive during rendering?¶
While a graphics card is rendering, it cannot redraw the user interface, which makes Blender unresponsive.We attempt to avoid this problem by giving back control over to the GPU as often as possible,but a completely smooth interaction cannot be guaranteed, especially on heavy scenes.This is a limitation of graphics cards for which no true solution exists,though we might be able to improve this somewhat in the future.
If possible, it is best to install more than one GPU,using one for display and the other(s) for rendering.
Why does a scene that renders on the CPU not render on the GPU?¶
There maybe be multiple causes,but the most common one is that there is not enough memory on your graphics card.Typically, the GPU can only use the amount of memory that is on the GPU(see below for more information).This is usually much smaller than the amount of system memory the CPU can access.With CUDA and OptiX devices, if the GPU memory is full Blender will automatically try to use system memory.This has a performance impact, but will usually still result in a faster render than using CPU rendering.This feature does not work for OpenCL rendering.
Can multiple GPUs be used for rendering?¶
Yes, go to Preferences ‣ System ‣ Compute Device Panel, and configure it as you desire.
Would multiple GPUs increase available memory?¶
Typically, no, each GPU can only access its own memory, however, some GPUs can share their memory.This is can be enabled with Distributed Memory Across Devices.
What renders faster, Nvidia or AMD, CUDA, OptiX or OpenCL?¶
This varies depending on the hardware used. Different technologies also have different compute timesdepending on the scene tested. For the most up to date information on the performance of different devices,browse the Blender Open Data resource.
Error Messages¶
In case of problems, be sure to install the official graphics drivers from the Nvidia or AMD website,or through the package manager on Linux.
Unsupported GNU version¶
On Linux, depending on your GCC version you might get this error.See the Nvidia CUDA Installation Guide for Linuxfor a list of supported GCC versions. There are two possible solutions to this error:
Use an alternate compiler
If you have an older GCC installed that is compatible with the installed CUDA toolkit version,then you can use it instead of the default compiler.This is done by setting the CYCLES_CUDA_EXTRA_CFLAGS environment variable when starting Blender.
Home Rendering Free
Launch Blender from the command line as follows:
(Substitute the name or path of the compatible GCC compiler).
Remove compatibility checks
If the above is unsuccessful, delete the following line in/usr/local/cuda/include/host_config.h:
This will allow Cycles to successfully compile the CUDA rendering kernel the first time itattempts to use your GPU for rendering. Once the kernel is built successfully, you canlaunch Blender as you normally would and the CUDA kernel will still be used for rendering.
CUDA Error: Kernel compilation failed¶
This error may happen if you have a new Nvidia graphics card that is not yet supported bythe Blender version and CUDA toolkit you have installed.In this case Blender may try to dynamically build a kernel for your graphics card and fail.
In this case you can:
Check if the latest Blender version(official or experimental builds)supports your graphics card.
If you build Blender yourself, try to download and install a newer CUDA developer toolkit.
Normally users do not need to install the CUDA toolkit as Blender comes with precompiled kernels.
CUDA Error: Out of memory¶
This usually means there is not enough memory to store the scene for use by the GPU.
Note
Final Cut Background Rendering
One way to reduce memory usage is by using smaller resolution textures.For example, 8k, 4k, 2k, and 1k image textures take up respectively 256MB, 64MB, 16MB and 4MB of memory.
Final Cut Rendering
The Nvidia OpenGL driver lost connection with the display driver¶
If a GPU is used for both display and rendering,Windows has a limit on the time the GPU can do render computations.If you have a particularly heavy scene, Cycles can take up too much GPU time.Reducing Tile Size in the Performance panel may alleviate the issue,but the only real solution is to use separate graphics cards for display and rendering.
Another solution can be to increase the time-out,although this will make the user interface less responsive when rendering heavy scenes.Learn More Here.
Final Rendering For 3d
CUDA error: Unknown error in cuCtxSynchronize()¶
Rendering Final Cut
An unknown error can have many causes, but one possibility is that it is a time-out.See the above answer for solutions.